Marine Scientific Research
Marine Scientific Research
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PART XIII MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 238 Right to conduct marine scientific research All States, irrespective of their geographical location, and competent International Organizations have the right to conduct marine scientific research subject to the rights and duties of other States as provided for in this Convention. Article 239 Promotion of marine scientific research States and competent International Organizations shall promote and facilitate the development and conduct of marine scientific research in accordance with this Convention. Article 240 General principles for the conduct of marine scientific research In the conduct of marine scientific research the following principles shall apply: (a) marine scientific research shall be conducted exclusively for peaceful purposes; (b) marine scientific research shall be conducted with appropriate scientific methods and means compatible with this Convention; (c) marine scientific research shall not unjustifiably interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea compatible with this Convention and shall be duly respected in the course of such uses; (d) marine scientific research shall be conducted in compliance with all relevant regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention including those for the protection and preservation of the marine environment. Article 241 Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims Marine scientific research activities shall not constitute the legal basis for any claim to any part of the marine environment or its resources. SECTION 2. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION Article 242 Promotion of international co-operation 1. States and competent international organizations shall, in accordance with the principle of respect for sovereignty and jurisdiction and on the basis of mutual benefit, promote international co-operation in marine scientific research for peaceful purposes. 2. In this context, without prejudice to the rights and duties of States under this Convention, a State, in the application of this Part, shall provide, as appropriate, other States with a reasonable opportunity to obtain from it, or with its co-operation, information necessary to prevent and control damage to the health and safety of persons and to the marine environment. Article 243 Creation of favourable conditions States and competent international organizations shall co-operate, through the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements, to create favourable conditions for the conduct of marine scientific research in the marine environment and to integrate the efforts of scientists in studying the essence of phenomena and processes occurring in the marine environment and the interrelations between them. Article 244 Publication and dissemination of information and knowledge 1. States and competent international organizations shall, in accordance with this Convention, make available by publication and dissemination through appropriate channels information on proposed major programmes and their objectives as well as knowledge resulting from marine scientific research. 2. For this purpose, States, both individually and in co-operation with other States and with competent international organizations, shall actively promote the flow of scientific data and information and the transfer of knowledge resulting from marine scientific research, especially to developing States, as well as the strengthening of the autonomous marine scientific research capabilities of developing States through, inter alia, programmes to provide adequate Education and training of their technical and scientific personnel. SECTION 3. CONDUCT AND PROMOTION OF MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Article 245 Marine scientific research in the territorial sea Coastal States, in the exercise of their sovereignty, have the exclusive right to regulate, authorize and conduct marine scientific research in their territorial sea. Marine scientific research therein shall be conducted only with the express consent of and under the conditions set forth by the coastal State. Article 246 Marine scientific research in the Exclusive Economic Zone and on the Continental Shelf 1. Coastal States, in the exercise of their jurisdiction, have the right to regulate, authorize and conduct marine scientific research in their Exclusive Economic Zone and on their Continental Shelf in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Convention. 2. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf shall be conducted with the consent of the coastal State. 3. Coastal States shall, in normal circumstances, grant their consent for marine scientific research projects by other States or competent international organizations in their exclusive economic zone or on their continental shelf to be carried out in accordance with this Convention exclusively for peaceful purposes and in order to increase scientific knowledge of the marine environment for the benefit of all mankind. To this end, coastal States shall establish rules and procedures ensuring that such consent will not be delayed or denied unreasonably. 4. For the purposes of applying paragraph 3, normal circumstances may exist in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between the coastal State and the researching State. 5. Coastal States may however in their discretion withhold their consent to the conduct of a marine scientific research project of another State or competent international organization in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf of the coastal State if that project: (a) is of direct significance for the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, whether living or non-living; (b) involves drilling into the continental shelf, the use of explosives or the introduction of harmful substances into the marine environment; (c) involves the construction, operation or use of artificial islands, installations and structures referred to in articles 60 and 80; (d) contains information communicated pursuant to article 248 regarding the nature and objectives of the project which is inaccurate or if the researching State or competent international organization has outstanding obligations to the coastal State from a prior research project. 6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, coastal States may not exercise their discretion to withhold consent under subparagraph (a) of that paragraph in respect of marine scientific research projects to be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of this Part on the continental shelf, beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, outside those specific areas which coastal States may at any time publicly designate as areas in which exploitation or detailed exploratory operations focused on those areas are occurring or will occur within a reasonable period of time. Coastal States shall give reasonable notice of the designation of such areas, as well as any modifications thereto, but shall not be obliged to give details of the operations therein. 7. The provisions of paragraph 6 are without prejudice to the rights of coastal States over the continental shelf as established in article 77. 8. Marine scientific research activities referred to in this article shall not unjustifiably interfere with activities undertaken by coastal States in the exercise of their sovereign rights and jurisdiction provided for in this Convention.
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Author: international
Mentioned in these Entries
Continental Shelf, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 4, Development and Transfer of Marine Technology, Education, Exclusive Economic Zone, International Organizations, International law index M, International law index, MPEPIL: Law of the sea, MPEPIL: Public Law: M, Marine Scientific Research 2, Marine Scientific Research 3, Marine and Coastal conventions, Straits used for International Navigation, Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone 2, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 12, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 24, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 25, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 26, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 27, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 32, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 34, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 6, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 8, United Nations System Part 3.